- Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination,” and adds three new questions
- Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement,” and adds a question on Medicaid policies
- Immunize.org updates two "Questions and Answers" resources, one for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and one for pneumococcus
- “Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024” published in MMWR
- March 4 is International HPV Awareness Day; spread the word that HPV vaccination is cancer prevention
- Worst influenza season in 15 years continues to be severe across the country; vaccination can still protect
- Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility
- “Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
- Journalists interview Immunize.org experts
- Vaccines in the news
- Hepatitis B Foundation releases Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit
- CDC offers updated PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers to easily determine any person’s pneumococcal vaccination needs
- Updated 65+ Flu Defense website offers resources for healthcare professionals serving older adults
- While supplies last, order laminated 2025 U.S. immunization schedule booklets from Immunize.org
Immunize.org reviewed the content of its Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination web page, updating answers, including hyperlinks to CDC references that changed during CDC’s recent website restructuring program. Three new questions and answers were added:
- What is the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP)?
- Does providing a digital copy of a VIS count, or must we give a paper VIS?
- What is a vaccine EUA fact sheet and when do I use one?
Immunize.org's Ask the Experts main page leads you to 30 distinct web pages on dozens of topics with more than 1,300 common or challenging questions and answers (Q&As) about vaccines and their administration. Immunize.org's team of experts includes Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH (team lead); Carolyn B. Bridges, MD, FACP; Iyabode Beysolow, MD, MPH; and Jane R. Zucker, MD, MSc.
Related Links
- Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination web page
- Immunize.org: Ask the Experts main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Immunize.org reviewed and updated the content of its Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement web page, updating answers, including CDC website links. The answers reflect current Medicare and Medicaid payment policies.
New questions and answers were added: What vaccines are covered by Medicaid? Does coverage vary by state?
Related Links
- Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement web page
- Immunize.org: Ask the Experts main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Immunize.org updated two of its "Questions and Answers" resources.
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib): Questions and Answers: Edits update morbidity data and expand information on Hib vaccine safety
- Pneumococcus: Questions and Answers: Edits incorporate PCV21 (Capvaxive, Merck) recommendations and describe CDC's PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app as a valuable tool to determine pneumococcal vaccine needs based on a person's age, health condition, and vaccination history
Related Links
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) main page
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Pneumococcal main page
- Immunize.org: Clinical Resources A–Z main page, where you can filter by topic, vaccine, language, or other criteria
CDC published Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024 on February 20 in MMWR. A portion of the summary appears below.
Routine hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection surveillance cannot detect patients who don’t seek clinical care, receive testing, or whose cases are not reported. . . .
During March 12–April 18, 2024, three HAV cases were identified among persons experiencing homelessness who had a matching HAV subgenotype, indicating a potential common transmission chain. A concurrent approximately seven-times increase in HAV wastewater concentrations above baseline, when a similar number of cases were reported, demonstrated the potential for wastewater testing to detect unreported HAV transmission. . . .
Genomic analysis and wastewater testing can complement traditional case-based surveillance to identify and better characterize HAV outbreaks.
Access the MMWR article in HTML or PDF.
Related Link
- CDC: MMWR main page providing access to the MMWR family of publications
Tuesday, March 4, is International HPV Awareness Day, a great time to spread the word about how HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cancers caused by certain types of this common virus. HPV vaccination should be completed routinely before age 13 years, and as soon as feasible for all unvaccinated adolescents and young adults through age 26. Adults age 27 through 45 who want protection may be vaccinated after a discussion with their healthcare provider.
Vaccination before sexual contact is the most effective way to protect against HPV-related cancers including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination prevents almost 90% of cervical cancer cases. HPV is also the most common cause of oral cancers in men. Because everyone is at risk for HPV-related cancers, it's important to receive the HPV vaccine series according to recommended vaccination schedules.
You can raise awareness with International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) campaign resources in 13 languages and by including #OneLessWorry in your social media posts.
Related Links
- International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day web page
- International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day Campaign Resources main page
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: HPV main page
- CDC: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) main page
For week 7, ending February 15, CDC’s Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report, FluView, showed influenza-like illness activity at high to very high levels in 44 of 49 reporting jurisdictions. CDC classified this season as a high-severity season for people of all ages. During week 7, 6.8% of outpatient visits were for influenza-like illness, well above the epidemic threshold of 3.0% for the twelfth consecutive week. Eighteen pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza virus infection were reported during week 7, bringing the 2024–25 season total to 86 pediatric deaths.
RESP-NET
Visit the CDC Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) for weekly reports of hospitalizations due to three vaccine-preventable seasonal respiratory viruses: COVID-19, influenza, and RSV. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone age 6 months and older; RSV vaccination at this point in the season is recommended for certain high-risk adults age 60 through 74 and all adults age 75 years and older. RSV immunization of infants and certain high-risk toddlers with nirsevimab (Beyfortus, Sanofi) is recommended until the end of March.
Influenza Vaccination Dashboard
CDC's Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard shows the latest statistics. Coverage level estimates from IIS data submitted to CDC through February 8 appear below.
- For children 6 months–17 years:
- Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 13.3% to 42.0%.
- Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 0.0% to 32.3%.
- For adults 18 years and older:
- Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 9.9% to 39.4%.
- Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 1.2% to 15.5%.
CDC recommends everyone age 6 months and older get annual influenza vaccination. Given the high levels of circulating influenza across the country, vaccination remains important for all eligible, unvaccinated people.
Identify pharmacies in your area that may offer influenza and COVID-19 vaccines by entering a zip code in the VaccineFinder on Vaccines.gov or Vacunas.gov.
Related Links
- CDC: Weekly National Flu Vaccination Dashboard main page
- CDC: FluView main page
- CDC: RESP-NET main page
- Immunize.org: free clinical resources and patient handouts related to influenza
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Influenza main page
Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility
Immunize.org's Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll recognizes facilities that take a stand for patient safety by implementing policies requiring healthcare personnel influenza vaccination. Immunize.org recently welcomed Saint James Health, Inc., Newark, NJ, to our honor roll.
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Eligibility
- Eligible organizations: hospitals, long-term care facilities, medical practices, pharmacies, professional organizations, health departments, and other government entities
- Requirements:
- Your policy must require influenza vaccination for all staff
- The application must describe measures to prevent transmission of influenza from unvaccinated personnel to patients (e.g., masking for the entire shift)
- Immunize.org: Honor Roll Honorees: Influenza
- About the Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll
“Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
This week, our featured episode from the Ask the Experts Video Series is, Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension? The video describes how RSV vaccination is not recommended for a person younger than age 75 with hypertension and no other risk factors.
The 1-minute video is available on our YouTube channel, along with our full collection of quick video answers to popular Ask the Experts questions.
Like, follow, and share Immunize.org’s social media accounts and encourage colleagues and others interested in vaccination to do likewise.
- Facebook at ImmunizeOrg
- Instagram at ImmunizeOrg
- LinkedIn at ImmunizeOrg
- YouTube at ImmunizeOrg
Journalists seek out Immunize.org experts to help explain vaccines to the public and policy makers. We help the media understand and communicate the complex work vaccinators do. Here is a recent citation.
- Washington Post: Vaccine Safety Panel Long Criticized by RFK Jr. Told to Postpone Meeting (2/20/25)
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
- KFF Health News: Texas Measles Outbreak Nears 100 Cases, Raising Concerns About Undetected Spread (2/21/25)
- Johns Hopkins: The Science of Vaccine Safety in the U.S. (2/21/25)
- USA Today: Texas Measles Outbreak Grows to 90 Cases, Rising from 58 in Just 3 Days (2/21/25)
- STAT: Meeting of Key CDC Vaccine Advisory Panel, Under Scrutiny by RFK Jr., Is Postponed (2/20/25)
- The Conversation: CDC Layoffs Strike Deeply at Its Ability to Respond to the Current Flu, Norovirus and Measles Outbreaks and Other Public Health Emergencies (2/19/2025)
- Louisiana Illuminator: Louisiana’s Surgeon General Puts Basic Health Care out of Reach in a Poor, Unhealthy State (2/17/25)
- NPR: How Changes to a CDC Vaccine Panel Under Kennedy Could Reshape Policy (2/15/25)
Immunize.org's “Image Library” provides images of infectious diseases to educate yourself or others about vaccine-preventable diseases. Most images included are in the public domain and can be reproduced without permission. If an image is copyrighted, information is provided so you can obtain permission from the copyright holder.
To view images, click the “Clinical Resources” tab atop each Immunize.org web page. Then click Image Library on the left. Choose one of the 22 galleries shown on the right menu to view available images.
Vaccines A–Z: Mpox main page offers images from the “Image Library.” This example shows how to access the recently posted mpox photos. The right menu (under “On this page”) features a quick link to “Photos & Videos.”
Recap: Immunize.org updated one term on "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages"
Immunize.org updated its Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages to correct the Portuguese translation for MMR.
The Hepatitis B Foundation released a Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit to help to help raise awareness about prevention of chronic infection. The toolkit includes talking points, fact sheets, and social media messages.
View the toolkit.
Related Link
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Hepatitis B main page
CDC offers PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor, an app to easily determine which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs. The app is free to use in both mobile and web versions.
CDC updated the app on December 11, 2024, to reflect ACIP’s new routine adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations beginning at age 50 instead of age 65. On the revised app, you should see three age choices, the second being 19 through 49 years. If you see different choices, remove and reinstall the app.
Access the web version or download PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor to your mobile device:
Confident healthcare provider recommendations for influenza vaccine are powerfully persuasive. This influenza season has been a tough one, and it is far from over. To help you maximize patient protection, Immunize.org, in collaboration with CSL Seqirus, updated the 65+ Flu Defense website.
This helpful site includes information, tools, and tips for communicating with adults age 65 and older about the scope and severity of influenza. Resources include:
- Influenza in Adults 65+: The Facts
- Influenza Vaccination: Questions Patients Aged 65 and Older Frequently Ask Their HCP
- The Importance of Preventing Influenza and COVID-19
Older adults are at increased risk of severe influenza, COVID-19, and RSV illness, including hospitalization and death, especially if they are not up to date on these vaccinations. A clinician recommendation is the most important reason why a patient will get vaccinated.
Check out the updated 65+ Flu Defense website to assist your ongoing efforts in protecting this vulnerable population.
Laminated booklets of the 2025 U.S. child and adolescent immunization schedule and the 2025 U.S. adult immunization schedule are available now in the Immunize.org shop.
The schedules are available online as PDFs from CDC at no cost. Immunize.org’s laminated booklets are ideal for use in any busy healthcare setting where vaccines are given. Features include:
- Durability: Their tough coating can be wiped down, and they can stand up to a year's worth of use.
- Format: Each schedule is produced in an 8.5” X 11” booklet format; with color coding for easy reading, our laminated schedules replicate the original CDC formatting, including all tables and notes. The adult schedule is 16 pages and the child and adolescent schedule is 20 pages.
- Easy access to CDC updates: The CDC online schedule includes an addendum page that will display ACIP’s new recommendations as CDC adopts them during 2025. Each Immunize.org laminated schedule addendum page includes QR codes you can scan to view or print the online addendum page as it is revised.
- Bonus content: Both schedules include a bonus page with Immunize.org’s popular 1-page handout summarizing the dose, route, and needle size recommendations for all vaccines and recipients.
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Pricing:
Shop Immunize.org: Laminated Schedules web page to view images and preorder today!
For additional information, call 651-647-9009 or email admininfo@immunize.org.
Related Links
- Immunize.org: Laminated Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedules (0–18 years) web page
- Immunize.org: Laminated Adult Immunization Schedules (19 and older) web page
- Immunize.org: Shop Immunize.org main page
CDC published Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024 on February 20 in MMWR. Dengue vaccination in Puerto Rico is routinely recommended for children age 9 through 16 years who have laboratory evidence of past dengue infection. Although recommended, the vaccine has not been widely used. A portion of the summary appears below.
Dengue, a mosquitoborne disease that can lead to severe illness or death, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The most recent outbreak in Puerto Rico occurred in 2013. . . .
During 2024, Puerto Rico reported 6,291 dengue cases and surpassed the epidemic threshold, prompting declaration of a local public health emergency. Approximately one half of patients (52.3%) were hospitalized, 264 (4.2%) had severe dengue cases, and 11 (0.2%) persons died. Persons aged 10–19 years accounted for 28.4% of severe cases. . . .
Improved case recognition and clinical management facilitate improved outcomes. To reduce mosquito bite risk, residents of and visitors to Puerto Rico should consider using repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in places with door and window screens.
Access the MMWR article in HTML or PDF.
Related Links
- CDC: MMWR main page providing access to the MMWR family of publications
- Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Dengue main page
In the February 18 issue, Frontiers in Public Health published Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis. Immunize.org's project consultant, Lisa Jacques-Carroll, MA, is an author of the article. Portions of the abstract appear below.
A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) provides independent guidance to Ministries of Health (MoH) and policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions on national immunization policies and practices. As of 2022, 50 of the 53 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region (the Region) had established a NITAG, with 58% of all NITAGs and 66% of those in middle-income countries (MICs) in the Region meeting all six WHO process indicators of NITAG functionality. However, many newly established NITAGs in MICs in the Region experience challenges in terms of their functioning, structure, and outputs. . . . The main challenge for all NITAGs is the lack of a well-staffed Secretariat to establish annual workplans and develop NITAG recommendations following a standardized process.
Upcoming Events
The ACIP meeting planned for February 26–28 was postponed and is not yet rescheduled. IZ Express will provide updates as they become available.
To learn simple tips and tricks for using our website efficiently, please register for our next set of Website Office Hours on Wednesday, March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or Thursday, March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). The same content will be covered in both sessions.
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About IZ Express
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. NH23IP922654 from CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
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Editorial Information
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Editor-in-ChiefKelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
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Managing EditorJohn D. Grabenstein, RPh, PhD
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Associate EditorSharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
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Writer/Publication CoordinatorTaryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA -
Style and Copy EditorMarian Deegan, JD
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Web Edition ManagersArkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes -
Contributing WriterLaurel H. Wood, MPA
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Technical ReviewerKayla Ohlde